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For years, Hollywood has been trying to make horror movies that are scary again. And while some may argue this is because audiences are now too desensitized to be frightened, the case could also be made that the genre's past successes have proven tautological. You see, fear comes from uncertainty. The more you learn about the Thing That Arrived in the Night and how it behaves, the less likely you are to fear it. It’s a concept known as "don’t know fear." This isn’t just true for horror movies either; scientists have found that there's only so much information people can process at one time before they start making snap judgements about anything new they encounter. People seem to have a mental limit of about seven "chunks" of information. For example, in the early 1980s, researchers showed what appeared to be two random photographs to people. What they didn't tell them was that these were actually pictures of the same subjects at different ages. Almost everyone thought that the man on the right had lost weight over time, even though the two photos were of exactly the same person. This is because our brains can only process one thing at a time; it’s impossible for us to think about incongruous information at once without tripping over ourselves. The trailer for E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial in 1982, before the film's release that same year remains today an excellent example of this concept at work. We see something moving in the dark, then, like magic, it’s gone; another shot shows the character riding his bike at night; there’s a rustling noise; E.T. eats Reese’s Pieces (bonus points to Spielberg for playing off the candy’s tagline "You can’t eat just one"); and then we see E.T. again…and so on. While it's tempting to dismiss this as simple "marketing" on Steven Spielberg's part, there is a deeper thought process happening here. E.T., one of the most beloved and iconic films in American history is also one of the most psychologically complex. The warm and fuzzy character with the heart condition and telepathic powers goes through a gradual arc of change from lovable little alien to gigantic monster before finally becoming a sympathetic friend for it is revealed that E.T. is an alien who has been abandoned by his own kind and desperately needs human help to return home. The first time we meet E.T. he's a looming, scary shape in the darkness. But as we come to learn more about him, his shape becomes identifiable and the nightmare becomes a friend. In that moment of hesitation where our minds can't process incongruous information as it comes in, we become afraid as we try to make sense of what it is we're seeing on screen. We’re not sure if it's safe to be around this weird little creature with big eyes and wrinkly skin who can speak our language and eat junk food; but then the pieces slowly come together until one thing is clear: E.T., is just like us . cfa1e77820
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